{"id":2666,"date":"2024-07-10T23:22:39","date_gmt":"2024-07-10T20:22:39","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.demirhalil.com\/?p=2666"},"modified":"2024-07-10T23:24:37","modified_gmt":"2024-07-10T20:24:37","slug":"seracilikta-basariyi-solarizasyon-belirler","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/www.demirhalil.com\/?p=2666","title":{"rendered":"Serac\u0131l\u0131kta Ba\u015far\u0131y\u0131 Solarizasyon Belirler"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

\u00dclkemizin toplam sebze \u00fcretimi i\u00e7erisinde \u00f6rt\u00fcalt\u0131 ko\u015fullar\u0131ndaki \u00fcretimin pay\u0131 yakla\u015f\u0131k be\u015fte bir oran\u0131ndad\u0131r. Bu kadar \u00fcretim toplam \u00fcretim i\u00e7erisinde \u00f6zellikle k\u0131\u015f d\u00f6neminde \u00e7ok konu\u015fulmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Yanl\u0131\u015f anla\u015f\u0131lmalar\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcne ge\u00e7mek i\u00e7in \u00f6rt\u00fcalt\u0131 \u00fcretim ile serada \u00fcretimin ayn\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 hemen belirtmek isterim. \u00d6rt\u00fcalt\u0131 kavram\u0131 i\u00e7erisinde al\u00e7ak t\u00fcneller, y\u00fcksek t\u00fcneller, plastik ve cam seralar bulunmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz ko\u015fullar\u0131nda serac\u0131l\u0131k faaliyetleri sadece sahil b\u00f6lgelerinde yap\u0131lmamaktad\u0131r. Art\u0131k yayla b\u00f6lgelerinde de serac\u0131l\u0131k faaliyetleri h\u0131zla yayg\u0131nla\u015fmaktad\u0131r. \u00d6zellikle sera ko\u015fullar\u0131nda yap\u0131lan \u00fcretimin ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 maliyeti y\u00fcksektir. Y\u00fcksek maliyet kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda ise daha fazla gelir ve dolas\u0131yla daha fazla kar hedeflenmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sebze \u00fcretiminde \u00f6nemli maliyetlerin ba\u015f\u0131nda fide, g\u00fcbre ve tar\u0131m ila\u00e7lar\u0131 gelmektedir. Seradaki bitkilerin sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 \u015fekilde \u00fcretim sezonunun sonuna ula\u015fmas\u0131 me\u015fakkatli bir i\u015ftir.<\/strong> Bitkilerin k\u00f6k b\u00f6lgesi sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 olsa da \u00fcst k\u0131sm\u0131ndaki hastal\u0131k ve zararl\u0131larla m\u00fccadele \u00fcreticileri zorlamaktad\u0131r. E\u011fer k\u00f6k k\u0131sm\u0131nda baz\u0131 hastal\u0131k ve zararl\u0131lar ortaya \u00e7\u0131karsa \u00fcreticinin ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131 gittik\u00e7e zorla\u015fmaktad\u0131r.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bitkilerin k\u00f6k b\u00f6lgesinin sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 olmas\u0131 i\u00e7in Haziran-Temmuz-A\u011fustos aylar\u0131nda iyi bir toprak haz\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131na ihtiya\u00e7 vard\u0131r. Toprak haz\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7erisinde ise \u201csolarizasyon\u201d<\/strong> mutlaka yer almal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Solarizasyon nedir?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Nemli topra\u011f\u0131n ince plastik \u00f6rt\u00fc (Bu ama\u00e7 i\u00e7in \u00fcretilmi\u015f plastik \u00f6rt\u00fcler var.) ile hava almayacak \u015fekilde kapat\u0131lmas\u0131na solarizasyon diyoruz.  Toprak tav\u0131nda i\u015flendikten sonra \u00fczerinin kapat\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekiyor. Plastik \u00f6rt\u00fc kapat\u0131lmadan damla sulama sistemi yerle\u015ftiriliyor. Damla sulama sistemi ile zaman zaman toprak \u0131slat\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Plastik \u00f6rt\u00fc alt\u0131ndaki s\u0131cakl\u0131k artt\u0131k\u00e7a su buharla\u015facak ve zararl\u0131 etmenleri yok edecektir. Plastik \u00f6rt\u00fcn\u00fcn alt\u0131nda toprak s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 60-70 derecelere kadar \u00e7\u0131kabilmektedir.<\/strong> \u00d6rne\u011fin nematod zararl\u0131s\u0131, Fusarium spp., Verticillium spp., Sclerotinia gibi hastal\u0131klar ile baz\u0131 yabanc\u0131 otlar\u0131n \u00f6lmesi sa\u011flan\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bazen solarizasyon+fumigasyon yap\u0131l\u0131r.<\/strong> Yani kapat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f topra\u011fa damla sulama sistemi ile yukar\u0131da bahsedilen hastal\u0131k ve zararl\u0131lar i\u00e7in etkili baz\u0131 tar\u0131m ila\u00e7lar\u0131 topra\u011fa sal\u0131n\u0131r. Bu ila\u00e7lar buharla\u015f\u0131r ve topra\u011f\u0131n temizlenmesine yard\u0131m eder.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Burada tar\u0131m ilac\u0131 kullan\u0131l\u0131yor diye hemen tepki g\u00f6stermeyelim. Bu a\u015famada kullan\u0131lmaz ise \u00fcretim s\u0131ras\u0131nda kullan\u0131lmak zorunda kal\u0131n\u0131yor. Aksi halde sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 bitkiler yeti\u015ftirilemiyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Yayla b\u00f6lgelerinde de bu i\u015flemin yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 biliyoruz. Ancak serin hava ko\u015fullar\u0131nda, Nisan-May\u0131s aylar\u0131nda yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan etkinli\u011fi daha az oluyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Solarizasyon yap\u0131lsa ama ila\u00e7 verilmese olur mu?<\/strong> Tabiki olur. Ancak yukar\u0131da bahsetti\u011fim zararl\u0131lar\u0131n yok edilmesi zorla\u015fmaktad\u0131r. Yap\u0131lan bu i\u015flemlerin etkisinin tam olarak bir y\u0131l s\u00fcremedi\u011fini ifade etmek gerekiyor. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla yap\u0131lan bu i\u015flemlere g\u00f6re sebze t\u00fcr\u00fc tercihi yap\u0131labilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu i\u015flemelere gerek kalmadan a\u015f\u0131l\u0131 fide kullan\u0131m\u0131 ile hastal\u0131k-zararl\u0131 m\u00fccadelesini yapamaz m\u0131y\u0131z? Yapabiliriz. Ancak kullan\u0131lan sebze t\u00fcrlerine g\u00f6re de\u011fi\u015fmekle birlikte a\u015f\u0131l\u0131 fidelerde kullan\u0131lan her anac\u0131n ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yleyemeyiz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu i\u015flemler sebze \u00fcretimi i\u00e7in teknik bir konu. Daha fazla detay\u0131 da bulunuyor. A\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7as\u0131 \u00fcreticilerimizin serada toprakl\u0131 ko\u015fullarda ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 bir sebze \u00fcretimi yapabilmesi \u201csolarizasyon\u201da ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. <\/strong>Bu konunun iyi bilinmesi ve buna g\u00f6re uygulanmas\u0131 gerekir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Konuyla ilgili sorunlu k\u0131s\u0131mlar elbette var.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Daha fazla ba\u015far\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00fcreticilerimizin daha bilin\u00e7li olmas\u0131 gerekiyor. \u00c7ift\u00e7ilerimizi y\u00f6nlendirecek ve bilin\u00e7lendirecek kamu ve \u00f6zel sekt\u00f6rde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan ziraat m\u00fchendislerimizin de daha bilin\u00e7li olmas\u0131 gerekiyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tar\u0131m sekt\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fc kendi ba\u015f\u0131na b\u0131rak\u0131p, s\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131nca denetime \u00e7\u0131karak ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 olamay\u0131z.<\/p>\n

<\/div>

<\/path><\/svg><\/i> \"Loading\"<\/p>

<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u00dclkemizin toplam sebze \u00fcretimi i\u00e7erisinde \u00f6rt\u00fcalt\u0131 ko\u015fullar\u0131ndaki \u00fcretimin pay\u0131 yakla\u015f\u0131k be\u015fte bir oran\u0131ndad\u0131r. Bu kadar \u00fcretim toplam \u00fcretim i\u00e7erisinde \u00f6zellikle k\u0131\u015f d\u00f6neminde \u00e7ok konu\u015fulmaktad\u0131r. Yanl\u0131\u015f anla\u015f\u0131lmalar\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcne ge\u00e7mek i\u00e7in \u00f6rt\u00fcalt\u0131 … Read More<\/a><\/p>\n

<\/div>\n

<\/path><\/svg><\/i> \"Loading\"<\/p>\n

<\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2667,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[50],"tags":[58,16,52],"class_list":["post-2666","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-guncelyazilar","tag-akdeniz-universitesi","tag-halil-demir","tag-tarim","entry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.demirhalil.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2666","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.demirhalil.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.demirhalil.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.demirhalil.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.demirhalil.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=2666"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"http:\/\/www.demirhalil.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2666\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2668,"href":"http:\/\/www.demirhalil.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2666\/revisions\/2668"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.demirhalil.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/2667"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.demirhalil.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=2666"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.demirhalil.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=2666"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.demirhalil.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=2666"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}