\u00d6nce permak\u00fclt\u00fcr kelimesi nereden \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131 k\u0131saca buna bakal\u0131m. Bu kelimenin k\u00f6keni 1970\u2019li y\u0131llara ve \u00f6zellikle Avusturya\u2019ya dayan\u0131r. Bu kavram\u0131 ortaya atanlar Bill Mollison (ekolog ve biyolog) ve David Holmgren (\u00e7evre tasar\u0131mc\u0131s\u0131)\u2019dir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7ta kal\u0131c\u0131 tar\u0131m anlam\u0131nda permanent agriculture<\/strong> ifadesi kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, zamanla kapsam\u0131 geni\u015fleyerek permanent culture kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde ise T\u00fcrk\u00e7ele\u015fmi\u015f haliyle \u201cpermak\u00fclt\u00fcr\u201d<\/strong> denilmektedir. Kelime olarak kal\u0131c\u0131 tar\u0131m veya kal\u0131c\u0131 k\u00fclt\u00fcr anlam\u0131na gelmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Permak\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn amac\u0131 toprak, su, enerji ve biyolojik \u00e7e\u015fitlili\u011fi koruyarak, insan ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir hale getirmektir. \u00dc\u00e7 etik ilkesi bulunmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n 1- D\u00fcnyaya \u00d6zen G\u00f6ster<\/strong> \u2013 Toprak, su, hava ve t\u00fcm canl\u0131lar\u0131 koru.<\/p>\n\n\n\n 2- \u0130nsana \u00d6zen G\u00f6ster<\/strong> \u2013 \u0130nsanlar\u0131n temel ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131la.<\/p>\n\n\n\n 3- Adil Payla\u015f\u0131m<\/strong> \u2013 Kaynaklar\u0131 adil kullan, fazlal\u0131klar\u0131 geri d\u00f6nd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Permak\u00fclt\u00fcr g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde sadece tar\u0131msal ama\u00e7l\u0131 de\u011fil, toplum ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131n her alan\u0131nda uygulanabilecek bir olgu durumuna ula\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Yani do\u011fan\u0131n i\u015fleyi\u015fini taklit ederek s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir ya\u015fam alanlar\u0131 tasarlama yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Bu yakla\u015f\u0131ma ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak prensipler de belirlenmi\u015f durumdad\u0131r. \u00d6nce do\u011fay\u0131 g\u00f6zlemleyip sonra tasarlamak, g\u00fcne\u015f, su, r\u00fczgar gibi do\u011fal kaynaklar\u0131 verimli kullanmak, ya\u015fam\u0131n i\u00e7erisindeki sistemlerin kendi dengesini kurmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamak, do\u011fal ve s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir kaynaklara y\u00f6nelmek, at\u0131klar\u0131 geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrmek, monok\u00fclt\u00fcr yerine \u00e7e\u015fitlili\u011fi tercih etmek, ekosistemlerin s\u0131n\u0131r b\u00f6lgelerini kullanmak, de\u011fi\u015fen ko\u015fullara uyum sa\u011flamak prensiplerden baz\u0131lar\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Peki, permak\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn uygulama alanlar\u0131 nelerdir?<\/strong> Permak\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn bir\u00e7ok uygulama alanlar\u0131 vard\u0131r. Bunlar\u0131 k\u0131saca \u015f\u00f6yle s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rabiliriz:<\/p>\n\n\n\n -Tar\u0131m ve bah\u00e7e tasar\u0131m\u0131:<\/strong> G\u0131da \u00fcretimi, toprak sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131, bitki \u00e7e\u015fitlili\u011fi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n -Su y\u00f6netimi:<\/strong> Ya\u011fmur suyu hasat\u0131, sular\u0131 geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrme, g\u00f6let yap\u0131m\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n -Enerji sistemleri:<\/strong> Yenilenebilir enerji kaynaklar\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n -Yap\u0131 ve mimari:<\/strong> Ekolojik evler, ye\u015fil \u00e7at\u0131lar vb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n -At\u0131k y\u00f6netimi:<\/strong> At\u0131klar\u0131 geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrme, en uygun \u015fekilde kullanmak.<\/p>\n\n\n\n -Sosyal yap\u0131lar ve topluluklar:<\/strong> E\u011fitim ve payla\u015f\u0131m, ekolojik k\u00f6yler, topluluk bah\u00e7eleri.<\/p>\n\n\n\n -\u015eehir permak\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc:<\/strong> Balkon bah\u00e7eleri, dikey tar\u0131m, ye\u015fil alt yap\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Permak\u00fclt\u00fcr konusunu teknik olarak daha fazla detayland\u0131rmak m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr ve alan baz\u0131nda bir\u00e7ok faaliyet uygulamaya konulmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u00d6rne\u011fin b\u00fcy\u00fck \u015fehirlerde ya\u015fayanlar balkonlar\u0131nda kendi ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131na g\u00f6re baz\u0131 sebzeleri \u00fcretmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaktad\u0131r. Hatta g\u00fcvercin, keklik vb. ku\u015flar\u0131n beslenmesine gidilmektedir.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Her isteyen her istedi\u011fini balkonlar\u0131nda yeti\u015ftirebilirler anlam\u0131, bir karma\u015f\u0131kl\u0131\u011fa yol a\u00e7abilecektir. Bunun yerine ara\u015ft\u0131rarak, \u00f6\u011frenerek yaparsak bilin\u00e7li bir \u00fcretim ortaya \u00e7\u0131kacakt\u0131r. Yani permak\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn etik ve prensiplerine uyulmu\u015f olacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u00dclkemizde permak\u00fclt\u00fcr konusunu \u00dclk\u00fc Ocaklar\u0131 Genel Merkezi her f\u0131rsatta g\u00fcndeme ta\u015f\u0131yor. Bu konuda projeler ve e\u011fitim seminerleri yap\u0131yorlar. K\u0131sacas\u0131 T\u00fcrkiyemizin gelece\u011fi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli olan tar\u0131m konusunda bilin\u00e7lenme \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 da yapm\u0131\u015f oluyorlar.<\/p>\n