A\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7as\u0131 ba\u015ftan \u015funu s\u00f6ylemek gerekiyor: \u00c7ift\u00e7inin sistem d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kalmas\u0131 tar\u0131m\u0131n direncini k\u0131racakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u00dclkemiz tar\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n bir\u00e7ok sorunu bulunmaktad\u0131r. Ancak \u00e7ift\u00e7iyi sistem d\u0131\u015f\u0131na iten\/itecek sorunlar\u0131 ise \u00fc\u00e7 ba\u015fl\u0131k alt\u0131nda toplayabiliriz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
1- Artan girdi maliyetleri<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n 2- Piyasalardaki fiyat belirsizlikleri<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n 3-\u00c7\u00f6z\u00fclemeyen pazarlama sorunlar\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n T\u00fcrk tar\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n kronikle\u015fmi\u015f bu \u00fc\u00e7 temel sorunu k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck ve orta \u00f6l\u00e7ekli \u00fcretim yapan \u00e7ift\u00e7ileri her y\u0131l biraz daha \u00fcretimden uzakla\u015ft\u0131rmaktad\u0131r. Bu \u00fc\u00e7 sorun i\u00e7 i\u00e7e girdi\u011finde \u00e7ift\u00e7iler illaki \u201cdevam m\u0131, tamam m\u0131\u201d<\/strong> karma\u015fas\u0131 i\u00e7ine d\u00fc\u015fmektedir. Bu karar\u0131 verenlerin say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n da az olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rmek gerekiyor. Hatta \u00fclkemizde \u00e7ift\u00e7ilerin ya\u015f ortalamas\u0131n\u0131n giderek artmas\u0131 ve gen\u00e7lerin tar\u0131mdan uzakla\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 da bu denklem i\u00e7erisinde g\u00f6rmek gerekiyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u00d6rne\u011fin, maliyet art\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 ele ald\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda sorun sadece girdilerin bir k\u0131sm\u0131 \u00fczerine odaklanm\u0131yor. B\u00fct\u00fcn tar\u0131msal girdilerde maliyet art\u0131\u015flar\u0131 ya\u015fan\u0131yor. G\u00fcbrenin fiyat\u0131 da art\u0131yor, tohumun ya da fidenin de fiyat\u0131 art\u0131yor. Arazilerin i\u015flenmesinde, lojistik sekt\u00f6r\u00fcnde, enerji sekt\u00f6r\u00fcnde ve petro kimya \u00fcr\u00fcnlerinde do\u011frudan etkili olan petrol fiyatlar\u0131 bir di\u011fer sorun. Zirai m\u00fccadele ila\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n fiyatlar\u0131 da durmak bilmiyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Son y\u0131llarda baz\u0131 \u00fclkelerdeki kar\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131klar, i\u00e7 \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar, sava\u015flar petrol fiyatlar\u0131n\u0131 do\u011frudan etkiliyor. \u0130\u00e7inde ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z \u015fu g\u00fcnlerde ABD-\u0130srail\u2019in sa\u00e7ma sapan bir sava\u015f ba\u015flatmas\u0131n\u0131n neticelerini, tar\u0131m sekt\u00f6r\u00fcm\u00fcz \u00e7ok derinden hissedecektir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Artan girdi fiyatlar\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda \u00fcretimden elde edilecek kazanc\u0131n giderek azalmas\u0131, \u00e7ift\u00e7ilerin \u00fcretime odaklanmas\u0131na b\u00fcy\u00fck zarar veriyor. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc \u00e7ift\u00e7i, sezona ba\u015flarken harcayaca\u011f\u0131 her kuru\u015fun, hasat zaman\u0131 alaca\u011f\u0131 fiyatla telafi edilip edilmeyece\u011fini bilmiyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Tar\u0131m \u00fcr\u00fcnlerinin \u00e7ift\u00e7i ko\u015fullar\u0131nda yani daha tarlada iken fiyatland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131ndaki belirsizlikler, k\u0131sa s\u00fcrede b\u00fct\u00fcn planlamay\u0131 bozabilmektedir.<\/strong> Bu da \u201c\u00dcretti\u011fimin kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 alabilecek miyim?\u201d<\/strong> sorusunu g\u00fcndeme getiriyor. Bu ko\u015fullarda s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir bir \u00fcretimden nas\u0131l s\u00f6z edebiliriz? Haliyle diren\u00e7li bir tar\u0131mdan da s\u00f6z etmek zor olmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Pazarlama sorunlar\u0131 sistemi t\u0131kayan bir ba\u015fka etmen. \u00c7ift\u00e7inin \u00fcretti\u011fi \u00fcr\u00fcn ile t\u00fcketicinin \u00f6dedi\u011fi fiyat aras\u0131ndaki u\u00e7urum, pazarlama zincirindeki sorunlar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a g\u00f6steriyor. Tarladan \u00e7\u0131kan \u00fcr\u00fcn \u00e7o\u011fu zaman birden fazla arac\u0131 elinde dola\u015f\u0131yor, her a\u015famada fiyat katlan\u0131yor, ancak bu art\u0131\u015f \u00fcreticiye yans\u0131m\u0131yor. \u00c7ift\u00e7iden \u00e7\u0131kan bir \u00fcr\u00fcn \u0130stanbul\u2019a ula\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131nda tam 4-5 kat daha fazla fiyata sat\u0131l\u0131yor.<\/strong> Bu sefer t\u00fcketim azal\u0131yor. Azalan t\u00fcketim azalan ya da zarar ettiren \u00fcretim haline d\u00f6nebiliyor. Bir de tar\u0131m \u00fcr\u00fcnlerinin fiyat\u0131n\u0131n artaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6n g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc d\u00f6nemlerde ihracat\u0131n da k\u0131s\u0131tland\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclebiliyor. Peki \u00e7ift\u00e7i ne yaps\u0131n?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de her tar\u0131msal \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir olabilmesi, dolay\u0131s\u0131yla tar\u0131m\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n her t\u00fcrl\u00fc zorlu\u011fa kar\u015f\u0131 diren\u00e7li olabilmesi, \u00e7ift\u00e7inin sistem i\u00e7erisinde kalmas\u0131na g\u00f6bekten ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. \u00c7ift\u00e7ilerin yerine firmalar\u0131n ikame edilmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131, tar\u0131m\u0131n s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilirli\u011fi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan risk ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r. Hele hele yabanc\u0131 firmalarla yola devam ederiz ya da ithalat ile ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131lar\u0131z d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesi sorunludur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n L\u00fctfen dikkat! ABD-\u0130srail zorbal\u0131\u011f\u0131nda baz\u0131 \u00fclkeler baz\u0131 tar\u0131msal \u00fcr\u00fcnlerin ihracat\u0131na k\u0131s\u0131tlama getirmi\u015ftir.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Tar\u0131m, stratejik bir sekt\u00f6r. D\u0131\u015far\u0131ya ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131 oldu\u011fu \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde risk artar; risk artt\u0131k\u00e7a da toplum en temel hakk\u0131 olan g\u00fcvenli g\u0131daya eri\u015fimde s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131 ya\u015far. \u00c7ift\u00e7i olmazsa tar\u0131m olmaz. Tar\u0131m olmazsa g\u0131da olmaz. Bu kadar basit.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Peki tar\u0131msal \u00fcretimimizin kesintisiz s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilirli\u011fi veya diren\u00e7li hale gelmesi i\u00e7in neler yap\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r?<\/p>\n\n\n\n Bunun i\u00e7in \u00e7ift\u00e7iyi tar\u0131m i\u00e7erisinde tutacak politikalar art\u0131k bir se\u00e7enek de\u011fil, zorunluluk haline gelmi\u015ftir. \u00d6zetlemek gerekirse:<\/p>\n\n\n\n – Girdi maliyetleri \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclebilir seviyelere \u00e7ekilmelidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n – Tar\u0131msal \u00fcr\u00fcnlerin fiyatlar\u0131 sezon \u00f6ncesinde a\u00e7\u0131klanmal\u0131 ve garanti alt\u0131na al\u0131nmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n – \u00dcretici \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmesi sa\u011flanmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n – Arac\u0131lar\u0131n azalt\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131, \u00fcreticinin pazarl\u0131k g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn artt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir pazarlama modeline ge\u00e7ilmelidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n – Tar\u0131msal desteklerin zaman\u0131nda, yeterli ve hedefe odakl\u0131 olmas\u0131 sa\u011flanmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n